One of the well -known quotes: "In fact, the parasites have killed many more people than all the wars in history."Surprisingly, as a simple, sometimes unicellular creature, it is possible to disrupt the work of a large organism.People did not stay in debt.Methods have been developed that allow you to identify a parasitic invasion in the early stages and to start timely treatment.Analyzes of parasites in adults can be transmitted both in a regular state hospital and in the laboratory of private clinics.
Who are parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are a large group of organisms capable of existing only because of the resources of the owner.They cannot live alone.The parasites in the human body are fixed to the skin (bugs, ticks), in the gastrointestinal tract (Ascarides, Pinworms).In the intestine, the most favorable environment for the vital activity of the parasite.There are also creatures who live in the lymphatic vessels (Filiria), on the mucous membranes of the internal organs (Trematoda).To strengthen in the body of the host, worms and protozoa, use suction glasses, hooks, clothes, chitin dishes or hard hairs.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and their colony, using the methods of modern laboratory diagnostics.What tests should be taken for parasites to the adult:
- Histological examination of the stool.
- Serological tests (blood tests): immunosorbable analysis (ELISU), indirect hemaglutination (RNG), immunofluorescent reaction (REEF or KUNS method), compliment binding reaction.
- PCR analysis.
Often the diagnosis is difficult as not all parasitoses have characteristic clinical manifestations and not all methods are equally sensitive.What is the name of the analysis to be done will say the doctor.It is often recommended to perform a complete analysis for parasites.
What is the danger of parasites
Parasitic invasions significantly deplete human immunity.Immunity is one of the components of the body regulatory system.With immunodeficiency:
Be careful
According to statistics, over 1 billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even suspect that you have fallen victim to parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body through one symptom - an unpleasant odor from the mouth.Ask loved ones if you have a mouth smell in the morning (before brushing your teeth).If so, you are likely to be infected with parasites.
Parasite infection leads to neurosis, rapid fatigue, abrupt changes in mood, more serious illnesses begin further.
At menCause of parasites: prostatitis, impotence, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and bladder.
At the women's: Pain and inflammation of the ovary.Fibroma, fibroids, fibrous acid mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys develop.As well as heart and cancer.
We immediately want to warn that you do not need to run to the pharmacy and buy expensive medicines that, according to pharmacists, will form all parasites.Most medicines are extremely ineffective, in addition, they cause great harm to the body:
- The risk of viral infection increases;
- The level of antioxidant and anticancer protection is reduced;
- There is a vascular permeability and malfunction in hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause serious allergic reactions.
Helminants also have a direct harmful effect.They are attached to the internal organs with sharp hooks or plates, mechanically damaging the mucous membranes.The normal operation of the affected body is disturbed.
The helminth activities harm the body at the molecular level.The rate of insulin synthesis, growth factor and collagen is reduced.This leads to a slowdown in growth and physical development processes.Absorption in the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by a small chronic blood loss from the affected organs.
Recent scientific studies show that worms in the intestine distinguish specific toxins that suppress the activity of cytokines.These are information molecules that regulate intracellular contacts.They provide information about the cell for the external environment.If there is free space, then the cell can start separation.Blocking the work of cytokines can lead to a tumor formation.Cytokines also provide an agreed reaction to the immune, nervous and hormonal systems for the action of foreign agents.
Causes to provide parasite analysis
When infected with individual parasites, one may not feel any symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection begins to manifest.Parasite tests need to be performed if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain from different localization that can occur spontaneously or on palpation.
The nature of the symptoms depends on the type of parasites.Itching and burning in the anal region cause peak worms.Askarides provokes severe allergic reactions as well as abdominal pain.Lambia, echinococci and biconumure affect the liver.They are often the cause of the obstacle of the biliary tract and cholestasis (stagnation of the bile), inflammation of the gallbladder.Light stools with drops of fat are one of the main signs of liver and pancreatic pathology.The symptom of a parasitic effect on the liver and gallbladder is pain in the right hypochondrium.
If several of the symptoms listed occur, it is necessary to go to the hospital to identify parasites in the body on time.Regular preventive tests for parasites for children, people who live or work with animals need to be performed.If raw, sharp, lightly salted meat, lard or fish are regularly consumed for food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to check regularly to identify parasites.
Detail
Histological coprogram is a microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs, larvae or traces of vital activity of adults from parasites.Detailed stool analysis is a universal method of detecting intestinal helminths (Pinworms, Ascaris, Ankylost, Plum -head).
How to do faecal analysis.You need to buy a special sterile container at a pharmacy.It is filled with fecal tables with one -third of the volume.Before defecation, it is necessary to urinate so that the urine does not fall into the sample.The lid of the filled container is tightly twisted.
The biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, after which time it is no longer suitable for research.A week before the analysis, you should stop taking medicines, exclude fried and fatty dishes.On the eve of the fence of the material, you cannot place rectal candles, drink laxatively or make enemas.
The main disadvantage of the coprogram is low efficiency (about 35%).Helminants do not lay eggs every day.Therefore, the analysis of stool for parasites should be taken three times with an interval of 3-5 days.Usually, the results of the non-use can be obtained 4-6 days after delivery.
Scraping parasites
Scratching or spreading from the anus area is only taken to diagnose enterobiosis (Pinworms).The grease is taken in two ways:
- use of a special spatula or cotton wool;
- With the help of a sticky ribbon.
The spatula can be purchased at a pharmacy.The lubrication is removed around the anus and crotch.The procedure can be performed at home or at a clinic.The fence of the material is carried out in the morning before you cannot wash or get stuck.If the scraping is done at home, then the spatula must be placed in a sealed container or bag and on the same day delivered to the laboratory.The result of the analysis can be obtained tomorrow.In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the analysis of the parasites must be sent several times in a row.
Blood tests
You can donate blood to parasites.This is a universal object of laboratory tests.By changing their composition, one can judge pathologies in the body.How to identify parasites, examine blood, what tests are donated?Immunosorbable analysis is performed for antibodies and antigens, the reaction of indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence.In a general blood test, in the presence of a parasitic infection in the body, the level of eosinophils increases.
Eliza
Immunoformal analysis (ELISA) allows you to determine the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin (antibodies) in the blood that are produced in response to the invasion of foreign agents (antigens).IFA analysis is a highly sensitive method that allows you to identify antigens even in small quantities.With its help, you can determine exactly the type of parasites, the number of colony, and the stage of development of the process.
Elisa for parasites in the human body is deciphered according to five classes of antibodies.To diagnose helminth invasion, there are enough immunoglobulins of only three classes:
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM).They are produced 4 days after the infection present in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IgM shows the intensive reproduction of foreign agents.
- Immunoglobulins G (IgG).They enter the bloodstream 20-28 days after the infection, may be present in plasma for several months or years.The presence of IgG shows infection.
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA).They are produced two weeks after the penetration of pathogens, disappear after 5-8 weeks.The presence of IgA indicates an infection or that the body is cleaned.
Elisa blood sample is transmitted in the morning on an empty stomach.
RNA
The reaction of indirect hemaglutination is the most specific and sensitive of all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells to the action of various antigens is examined.Assess the nature and intensity of red blood cell precipitation.With a high and sharp intense reaction, the bottom of the tube is covered with glued red blood cells.The results of the analysis are deciphered by the attending physician.
Rnif
The indirect immunofluorescence response allows you to identify a complex of antigen-antibodulation.For this blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins, which contains fluorochrome in the composition.The sample is then examined under a fluorescent microscope.
The results are evaluated by the intensity of the yellow-green glow.High Titra shows the presence of a helminth invasion.The light doctor deals with decoding the results of the analysis.
RSK
An antibody with the corresponding antigen is formed by an immune complex that can contact a supplement system.This is based on the RSK method (reaction to the connection of the complement).If the antigen anti-antibody complex is not formed, the kit remains free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis by PCR
The polymerase chain reaction is a modern and highly precise method of examination.With its help you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, as well as intracellular parasites in the body.Blood and other biological fluids are appropriate for analysis.
The result of the chain reaction of the polymerase is the decrypted DNA of the parasite.You can accurately determine the type of pathogenic organism.The disadvantage of PCR is that it is impossible to understand the number of parasites and the stage of development of the disease.
Conclusion
Parasite identification analyzes should be made to each person.Regular examinations will help to avoid huge health problems that provoke these small creatures.Which method of analysis is better to choose will say the doctor.